Improving Student Achievement by Extending School: Is It Just a Matter of Time?

by Julie Aronson, Joy Zimmerman and Lisa Carlos
©1998 WestEd. All rights reserved.

References

Adelman, N.E., Haslam, M.B., & Pringle, B.A.. (1996, October). The uses of time for teaching and learning. (Vol 1: Findings and Conclusions.) Washington, DC: Policy Studies Associates, Inc.

Aronson, J.Z. (1995, February). Stop the clock: Ending the tyranny of time in education. San Francisco: Far West Laboratory.

Ascher, C. (1988, April). Extended school year, and year-round schooling for disadvantaged students. ERIC/ CUE Digest, (42).

Beaton, A.E., Martin, M.O., Mullis, I.V.S., Gonzales, E.J., Smith, T.A., & Kelly, D.L. (1996, November). Science achievement in the middle school years: IEA's third international mathematics and science study (TIMSS). Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College.

Beaton, A.E., Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., Gonzales, T.A, Kelly, D.L.,& E.J., Smith, (1996, November). Mathematics achievement in the middle school years: IEA's third international mathematics and science study (TIMSS). Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College.

Bradford, J.C., Jr. (1996, April). Year-round schools: A twenty-year follow-up study of a nationally recognized single track four-quarter plan at the high school level (revised). Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York.

Bradford, J.C., Jr. (1990). Year-round schooling: A school for all seasons at the secondary level. Buena Vista, VA: Buena Vista City Public Schools.

Cooper, H., Nye, B., Charlton, K., Lindsay, J., & Greathouse, S. (1996, Fall). The effects of summer vacation on achievement test scores: A narrative and meta-analytic review. Review of Educational Research, 66 (3), 277-268.

Copple, C., Yane, M., Levin, D., & Cohen S. (1992, April 7). Briefing paper. Washington, DC: Pelavin Associates, Inc.

Cotton, K. & Wikelund, K. (1990). Educational Time Factors. http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/4/cu8.html. Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory.

Ellis, T.I. (1984). Extending the school year and day. ERIC Digest, (7).

Funkhouser, J.E., Humphrey, D.C., Panton, K.L.M., & Rosenthal, E.D. (1995). A research review: The educational uses of time. (Vol. IV). Washington, DC: Policy Studies Associates, Inc.

Hossler, C., Stage, F., & Gallagher, K. (1988, March). The relationship of increased instructional time to student achievement. Policy Bulletin: Consortium on Educational Policy Studies.

Illinois State Board of Education. (1983, October). School day / school year mandates: A report and preliminary recommendations. Springfield, IL: Author.

Kane, C. (1994). Prisoners of time research: What we know and what we need to know. Washington, D.C.: National Education Commission on Time and Learning.

Karweit, N. (1985, June/July). Should we lengthen the school term? Educational Researcher, 14 (n6), 9-15.

Karweit, N. & Slavin, R.E. (1981). Measurement and modeling choices in studies on time and learning. American Educational Research Journal, 18 (2), 157-171.

Levin, H.M. ( 1984). Clocking instruction: A reform whose time has come? Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University, The California Institute for Research on Educational Finance and Governance.

Mid-Atlantic Eisenhower Consortium for Mathematics and Science Education. (1997, December). Third international mathematics and science study: A sourcebook of 4th-grade findings. Philadelphia, PA: Research for Better Schools.

Moore, MT., & Funkhouser, J. (1990, January). More time to learn: Extended time strategies for chapter 1 students. Washington, DC: Decision Resources Corp.

National Education Commission on Time and Learning. (1994, September). Prisoners of time. Washington, DC: Author.

Nelson, S. (1990). Instructional time as a factor in increasing student achievement. Portland, OR: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory.

Picus, L. (1993). Estimating the costs ofincreased learning time. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southem Cahfomia.

Quartarola, B. (1984, May). A research paper on time on task and the extended school daylyear and their relationship to improving student achievement. Burlingame, CA: Association of California School Administrators.

Rasberry, Q. (1992, November). The extended school year: Is more necessarily better?

Ritter, C. (1992, August). Effects of the year round school calendar on gifted and talented students. Huntsville, TX: Sam Houston State University.

Rossi, R. & Others. (1996, April). Extended-day programs in elementary and combined schools (Issue Brief) Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research.

Schmidt, W.H., McKnight, C.C., & Raizen, S.A. (1996). A splintered vision: An investigation of U.S. science and mathematics education (Executive Summary). East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.

Seever, M. (1991, August). Summative evaluation of The extended dayprogram: 1988-1989, 1989-1990, 1990-1991. Yansas City, MO: Yansas City School District.

Shields, C.M. (1996, January). Year-round education: Is it worth the hassle? Paper presented at the University of British Columbia Robson Square Lecture Series, Vancouver, BC.

Utah State Board of Education. (1989, December). Statewide evaluation of year-round and extended-day schools (Executive Summary). Salt Lake City, UT: Author.

Walberg, H. & Frederick, W.C. (1993). Instructional time and learning. Encyclopedia of Educational Research, 917-924.